Business leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business leadership - Essay Example Hence, both leadership and management are complementary in nature (Kotter, 6). What does it mean to say, â€Å"leadership is about change?† and how does the concept of â€Å"alignment† relate to leadership? The phrase â€Å"leadership is about change† signifies not just any type of chance but an alteration in the business environment. When the surroundings change new strategies will be required to match the changing needs. This is ensured by leadership the term â€Å"enabling† can therefore sum up the idea of change in this context (Heifetz, xii). Leadership is all about adapting to the changes, which will require effective communications with the subordinates. â€Å"Aligning† refers to empowering people to carry out tasks and is a problem of communications (Kotter, 10). What is â€Å"emotional hijacking†? Emotions certainly play an important role in leadership. This is most evident in the way two leaders might handle a same situation differe ntly. Temperament is very important and if a leader becomes enraged during communications, its effectiveness is lost.

Detection of Pesticides in Foods Using Chemiluminescence

Detection of Pesticides in Foods Using Chemiluminescence Sensitive And Selective Detection of Pesticides in Foods Using Chemiluminescence Zhou Yan Introduction Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to protect seeds and crops before and after harvesting. They have contributed significant economic benefits to society. At the same time, widespread use of pesticides has created serious problems regarding their effect on the environment and human health.[1]. Even low levels of contaminants can cause adverse effects on humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems. The application of pesticides has increased appreciably during the past few years, resulting in a potential risk for the human health.[2] .During recent decades, the number of publications on pesticide residue analysis has increased significantly, and important advances have been made in the development of methods for a wide variety of sample types[3]. N-methylcarbamates (NMCs) are commonly employed as pesticides, the structures show in figure 1. Their main characteristics of NMCs are low stability, high toxicity, and non-accumulation in organic tissues. Some of the NMCs, including carbaryl, carbofuran and methiocarb, are considered in the final list of compounds to be considered for periodic re-evaluations by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR)[4]. Fig.1 Stucture of the selected N-methylcarbamates Analysis of pesticides in food, environmental, forensic and clinical samples is a difficult task because of the low concentration values and matrix complexity of the target compounds. Gas chromatography (GC) has been widely used for pesticide analysis in food, clinical and environmental samples due to its high selectivity and sensitivity [5]. However, some analytes are not suitable for GC separation because of their low volatility, thermal lability or high polarity. Phenylurea, carbamate, benzimididazole some pyrethroid,, organophosphorus, and quaternary ammonium derivatives are examples of such pesticides[6] . Chemiluminescence is defined as the emission of light as the result of a chemical reaction[7]. Chemiluminescence (CL) is one of the highest sensitive analytical techniques for the detection of pesticides, due to the high dilution of these substances in environmental samples and compounds in a great variety of matrices depending on their participation in a CL reaction as catalysts, precursors, oxidation, inhibitors and so on. Three Sensitive And Selective Methods Detecting Pesticides in Foods Using Chemiluminescence Determination of pesticides in water and vegetables by HPLC with post-column chemiluminescence using the luminol reaction .[8]. Chemiluminescence (CL) has been revealed as an excellent tool for the detection of pesticides.[9] .The best known example is the luminol (5-aminophthalylhydrazide), The Proposed mechanism of the luminol CL reaction shows in Fig 2, when (5-aminophthalylhydrazide) is oxidated in alkaline medium , it produces the excited 3-aminophthalate anion, which emits light when it is relaxed to the ground state using several oxidants such hexacyanoferrate (III), permanganat and hydrogen peroxide and so on [10]. The reaction presents a powerful application as detection system in flow injection analysis (FIA) or in liquid chromatography (HPLC), where luminol-type compounds can be used as a derivatization reagents allowing the analytes to be detected at very low levels. Fig. 2 Proposed mechanism for the luminol CL reaction. A scheme of the HPLC–UV–CL system is shown in Fig. 3. The reversed phase separation was carried out in a C18 column. A peristaltic pump was used to deliver luminol and potassium permanganate . After separation and UV/vis detection at wavelength of 220 nm, with the stream of potassium permanganate and luminol solutions. A mixing reactor (d1) linked both â€Å"T† connectors. Another mixing reactor (d2 ), was used to link the outlet of the inlet of the detection cell and the second connector. The resulting stream was passed to the detection cell and the CL emission from oxidation of luminol was recorded as the background blank signal (baseline). The quantification of carbamates was based on the increase in the CL intensity , calculated as A=[I/IIS], where A is the analytical signal, I is the net CL signal due to the presence of the NMCs in the luminol–KMnO4 system, IIS is the CL signal. due to the internal standard. Ethiofencarb was choosed to be the IS ,due to it is well differentiated from the rest of analytes in the selected chromatographic conditions and also it is a NMC which produced an enhancement of the CL emission from the luminol oxidation by potassium permanganate in alkaline medium. Fig, 3 Scheme of the HPLC-UV-CL manifold, d1, d2: mixing reactors Recovery experiments were carried out in vegetables to check the applicability of the proposed methodology ,to make sure if it can use in the detection of NMCs in the real sample. No NMCs were detected when a sample blank was analyzed using the proposed method. Three replicates were prepared at each concentration level, and each one was injected by duplicate. obtaining recoveries in the range of 107.7–88.6%. Chromatograms of cucumber sample are presented in Fig. 4. Fig.4 Chromatogram of a cucumber sample applying the proposed HPLC–CL method: (A) Blank sample; (B) sample spiked with 50ug kg−1carbofuran and methiocarb and 5ug kg−1 carbaryl. Peaks: 1, carbofuran; 2, carbaryl; 3, methiocarb; IS, internal standard. A sensitive and selective HPLC–CL method was used for the determination of NMCs in vegetables. Compared with other sensitive methodologies which use CL or fluorescence detection, this method is very simple because no derivatization process is needed. the great enhancement produced by these compounds on the CL emission of luminol using permanganate as oxidant makes the resolution of three carbamates (carbofuran, carbaryl, and methiocarb) in less than 14 min possible. Chemiluminescence Switching on Peroxidase Like Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Selective Determination of Various Pesticides.[11] Due to the classical CL systems have very low efficiency which can not transform the chemical energy into light efficiently, so the enhancement of their CL efficiency to give intense emission intensity is one of the most important factors in quantitative analysis. From now on , a number of approaches have been explored for the enhancement of the efficiency. Such as developing intrinsically selective CL switching at the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles ,which make a great contribution to the sensitive detection and simultaneous determination of various pesticides. Fe3O4 nanoparticles with high peroxidase-like catalytic activity can catalyze the decomposition of dissolved oxygen to generate superoxide anions at their surface. The surface superoxide anions have high chances to be scavenged in the presence of ethanol. However, the scavenging effect can be effectively inhibited through the specific binding of target molecules on Fe3O4 nanoparticles. As shown in figure 5, water has no effect on the CL change but ethanol can lead to a significant CL quenching of the luminol−Fe3O4 system. EP is one of the widely used organophosphorus pesticides . there is no CL response of the EP aqueous solution in the luminol−Fe3O4 system by using pesticide ethoprophos (EP) as the target analyte. If we add EP ethanol solution ,which resulting a significant CL enhancement . we can abserved clearly. Fig 5 Pesticide Ethoprophos (EP) and the Mediums Produce the CL Response on Luminol (LUM)-Based CL Systems As shown in Figure 6A, With increasing the concentration of EP solution to the luminol−Fe3O4−ethanol system, the CL will significantly and continuously enhanced. Such high enhancing response has proved that EP molecules can inhibit the scavenging of superoxide anions efficiently. But not all organophosphorus have this function. As shown in Figure 6B, only EP and PF organophosphorus esters (containing P=O bond) with a phosphorus−sulfur bond (P−S bond) are able to light up the CL systerm in luminol−Fe3O4−ethanol solution. Fig 6 CL switching-on chemosensor for sensitively and selectivel (A) CL enhancement of the luminol−Fe3O4 ethanol system with increasing the concentration of EP . (B) The CL response selectivity to arious pesticides (0.1 mM): ethoprophos (EP), profenofos (PF), dylox (DL), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). In order to make sense of the mechanism of CL switching, we choose the FeCl2 as source materials to study the interaction between EP molecules and Fe2+ ions. For the purpose of having better understanding of the coordinative groups, we do the theoretical energy calculations, as shown in Fig 7. Due to the important principle of energy minimum, the conformation was optimized as the coordination of sulfur atom instead of the oxygen atom. This result is reasonable because sulfur is more polarizable than oxygen and naturaly has a stronger coordinative bond formation. These calculations and discussions imply that EP molecules will have the strongest coordinative with Fe2+ ions, among the four different pesticides. Therefore, it is reasonable to suppose that the CL enhancement is attributed to the coordination of EP molecules on surface Fe2+ ions that inhibits the scavenging of superoxide anions. Fig 7 Optimized Conformations of the Complexes of (EP)2 -FeCl2 Based on the Theoretical Calculation of the Binding Energies (ΔE) for Different Coordination Formats The mechanism of CL switching is illustrated in Figure 8. Firstly decomposition of dissolved oxygen by the intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, we can get the superoxide anions, and due to the high surface-to-volume ratio of the nanoparticles, the resultant superoxide anions will absorb at the surface of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles (1).Then, ethanol reacts with superoxide anions through the radical scavenging process (2) there is no light emission after the addition of luminol (3) EP molecules are first added into the Fe3O4 colloidal solution before adding ethanol, (4). This molecular structure can effectively inhibit the scavenging of superoxide anions from ethanol (5) even if in the presence of ethanol, the addition of luminol still produces a strong light emission (6). The two CL response formats are combined to form a CL â€Å"switching-on† chemosensor (7). Fig 8 Mechanism of CL switching at the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles: The CL â€Å"turn-on† chemosensor was used to sensitively detect nonredox molecules specificitly. and has a a lot of application in lab experiment, because of it has the ability to detect molecules of interest in complexed and real samples after a simple magnetic separation.. The very simple and versatile strategy should open a new window of the development of CL chemosensors. And also make a great development in the application of magnetic nanoparticles (à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ °) Analytical performances of validated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays to detect N-methylcarbamate pesticidesà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 12à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with chemiluminescent detection for the determination of carbaryl carbofuran and methiocarb were developed recently and the analytical parameters of these assays were compared with those of ELISAs with colorimetric detection. By using the chemiluminescent reagents for the detection of lower concentrations of horseradish peroxidase which can decrease the optimal antibody and conjugate concentrations and to reach better analytical parameters. Both in terms of accuracy and precision, results obtained by ELISAs correlated well. with those obtained by a liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS/MS) analysis, and also used as reference method to validate the immunoassays results. In order to fit into the linear part of the calibration curve and subsequently analysed by ELISA, each primary test sample was subjected to three independent dilutions .The dilution factors applied for the Nmethylcarbamate analysis are shown in Fig 9. Fig 9. Concentrations of immunoreagents and baby food sample dilutions applied in the ELISAs The reported results show that the chemiluminescent detection make a great improvement for the analytical performances of carbamates ELISAs. What’s more, the chemiluminescent ones with lower detection limits, can analyse various kinds of non-fatty samples simply and easily, just diluting them. This fact could avoid the extraction procedures and time consuming pre-treatment . Since the problems related with possible matrix effects can be easily overcome by using highly diluted samples. The time required to prepare the samples can be greatly reduced and their number increased significantly in each analytical session, as well as the reagents cost per assay is reduced. Conclusion : This review mainly introduce three Sensitive and Selective Methods Detecting Pesticides in Foods Using Chemiluminescence, each has advantages and disadvantages.(as shown in the following table). We can choose the appropriate method according to different situations. References: [1] Varsamis, D. C; Touloupakis, E.; Morlacchi, P.; Ghanotakis, D. C.; Giardi, M. T.;  Cullen, D. C. Talanta 2008, 77, 42–47. [2] Martà ­nez, E. J.; Barrales, P.; Cà ³rdova, M. L.; Medina, A. Anal Chimica Acta 2011, 684, 30–39. [3] Hua, L.; Mei, G.; Ping, H.; Yong, Z.; Long, L.; Hua, J.; Yong , M. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 255−261. [4] Alinorm 01/24A Appendix IX. Priority list of compounds scheduled for evaluation or reevaluation by JMPR. 2001 Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR). [5] Xian , G.; Tao, C.; Guang, Y. Chromatography A. 2005, 1100, 160–167. [6] Lesueur, C.; Knittl, P.; Gartner, M.; Mentler, A.; Fuerhacker, M.; Food Control. 2008, 19 906–914. [7] Gracia, A. M.; CampaËÅ" na, J. J.; Chinchilla, J. F.; Pà ©rez, A.; Casado. Trends. Anal. Chem. 2005, 24, 927. [8] Fernando, J.; Pà ©rez, H.; Marà ­a, A.; Campa, N. Anal Chimica Acta.2008, 630,194–200 [9] Lopez, J. L.; Catala-Icardo, M. Anal. lett .2011,44,146-175. [10]Laura, G..G.; Ana, M.; GarcÄ ±Ã‚ ´a, C.; Jorge, J. ;Soto, C.;, Jose, F.; Huertas, F.; Gonza, L. C. Anal Chem,2005 ,24, 11, [11] Guan, G. J.; Yang, L.; Mei, Q. S.; Zhang, K.; Zhang, Z. P.; Han, M. Y. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 9492−9497. [12] Barbora, M.; Tomas, K.; Pavel, R.; Mar ´Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±a, J. M.; Antonio, A.; Angel, M.; Elida, F.; Fabiana, F.; Stefano, G.. Anal .Chimica. Acta .2005,528,243–248.

Spousal Testamony against an accused :: essays research papers fc

Dating back to the 16th century, spouses were not deemed to be competent to testify evidence against their spouse. The reasons were a lot simpler than they are today. Anyone with a perceived interest in litigation was deemed to be biased and therefore unfit to testify. Under common law spouses are considered to be one and the same. Since the 16th century the issue of spouse’s and their ability to give evidence against their partners has become more and more complicated. Modern day courts rely more on preserving the sanctity of the marriage than preserving the incompetence standard.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ability to block spousal testimony does not however apply to all couples under the law. Those in common law relationships are not considered to be one and the same and these spouses’s are able to give testimony about events that occurred during the relationship. Ultimately, because the issue falls under common law the question of whether a husband or wife to can be compelled to give evidence against there spouse was at the justices discretion. Most justices are more likely to compel spousal testimony in cases of violence and domestic abuse. The majority of these offences are committed on a one on one basis with either no one to witness the abuse, or a child incapable of being called as a witness. The testimony evidence of the spouse is often the only proof that an offence occurred. In R. v. McGinty, Justice McLachlin concluded that competence included compellability and added a new policy dimension to the analysis. She observed: â€Å"policy interests favoured compelling testimony in cases of domestic violence. Competence without compellability would more likely [contribute to] family discord than prevent it.† In the matter of appearance, she noted that: â€Å"fair-minded persons generally find it abhorrent that persons who commit crimes go un-prosecuted. The state’s duty to protect the safety of its citizens, underlies the testimonial competence in cases of violence against a spouse, also dictates that the spouse be complellable.† Fundamentally the main factors facing a Justice in their decision is the matter of public safety and the harmony of the marriage. Compelling a spouse to testify against their partner is in direct conflict with that ideology. Therefore divorced or legally separated couples do not fall under this category. In R. v. Bailey it was determined that spousal incompetence does not survive divorce. Justice Morden observed that: â€Å"The modern policy justification for the rule in question is that is supports marital harmony.

Supply Chain Simulation

The Market Jacobs Industries' only product is an industrial chemical that can be mixed with air to form a foam that is: †¢Lightweight; †¢Stable over a very wide range of temperatures; †¢A very efficient thermal insulator; †¢A very efficient acoustic insulator. Jacobs sells its chemical to manufacturers of air conditioner retrofit kits. The manufacturers are all located in the region of Calopeia. They purchase the foam chemical as a substitute for competitors' products. If Jacobs cannot ship an order within 24 hours of receiving the order from the customer, the customer makes its purchase from a competitor without any loss of future demand.The chemical is shipped in small plastic drums at a price of $1450 a piece. Demand for the chemical is highly seasonal but otherwise very stable. There are no long-run market trends, either upward or downward. The size of orders is very random, with an average size of 7 or 8 drums. Orders arrive randomly throughout each 24-hour d ay. It is now day 730, two years after Jacobs began producing and marketing the chemical. A new foam technology is in development at Jacobs that will render all production capacity and inventory of the current foam obsolete and worthless on day 1460.All customers are aware of the pending new technology and as a result, demand will decrease to zero on day 1460. Operations and Finance Jacobs' distribution network consists of a single factory and a single warehouse, both in Calopeia. The warehouse only supplies air conditioner retrofit kit manufacturers, who are all in Calopeia. Jacobs produces its chemical in batches, loads the chemical into small plastic drums, and then transports the drums from the factory to the warehouse by truck. The warehouse sends drums to customers as orders are received.The cost of fulfilling an order, including the cost of mailing the drum to the customer, is $150 per drum. The current capacity of the factory is 20 drums per day. More factory capacity can be purchased at a cost of $50,000 per drum per day. For example, expanding the capacity by 10 drums per day for a total of 30 drums per day would be (10)$50,000 = $500,000. Capacity costs are incurred as soon as the capacity expansion begins. It takes 90 days to complete a capacity expansion. Capacity cannot be retired. Production in factories is carried out in batches, where each batch is an integer number of drums set by you.The cost to produce one batch equals $1500 plus the number of drums in the batch times $1000. For example, the cost to produce a batch of 10 drums is $1500 + (10)$1000 = $11,500. The batch of finished drums is shipped from the factory to the warehouse as soon as production of the batch is completed. The drums can be shipped either by truck or one at a time by mail. One truck can carry 200 drums. One truck making a trip from the factory to the warehouse costs $15,000, regardless of how full the truck is. It costs $150 to mail one drum from the factory to the ware house.Transportation times from the factory to the warehouse are 7 days for the truck or 1 day for mail. There is no practical limit to the number of drums a warehouse can hold. Both the costs of producing the batch and then shipping it to the warehouse are incurred as soon as production of the batch starts. If there is insufficent cash to pay for the production and shipping of the batch, the factory will remain idle. Production of a batch is triggered when the finished goods inventory (both en route to the warehouse and in the warehouse) fall below the order point, which is set by you.Jacobs pays insurance and other out-of-pocket holding costs on chemicals once production is complete. These holding costs for one drum for one year equal $100, whether the drum is en route to a warehouse or the drum is physically in the warehouse. There are no such holding costs for work-in-process inventory in the factory. Jacobs earns 10% per year on its cash, compounded daily. Assignment Your team has been hired to manage the supply chain for the Jacobs Industries. You can make the following changes to the supply chain: †¢Capacity additions to the factory. The finished goods inventory threshold that triggers production of a new batch in the factory. †¢The factory's production batch size. †¢Whether batches are transported to the warehouse by mail or by truck. Your objective is to maximize the cash generated by the foam technology over the remaining two years of its lifetime. On day 1460 the game will end and all inventory and capacity will be obsolete. The simulation will run continually at the rate of 104 simulated days per real day, or 1 simulated day about every 14 minutes.You will have control of the game from day 730 to day 1460, or 730 days total. The game will conclude 7 days and about half an hour after it started. During that time you can access your supply chain any time of the day or night. The winning team is the one with the highest cash position on day 1460. After the game is over, your team should turn in a 4-page memo describing the actions you took and in retrospect, whether there were other choices that would have allowed your team to do even better.You will graded on the use of conceptual tools from class that you use to justify your conclusions. Selling price = $1450 Demand order size = 7 or 8 Obsolete date = 1460 day Set up Cost = $150 Capacity = 20 per day Capacity expansion = $50,000 to increase add 10 drum per day , but 90 days to complete capacity Cost of production = $1500+(units in a batch)*$1000 Holding cost =$100 per drum for one year Averagemin Max Day 123269 Day 26622133 Day 344397 Day 413163 Day 5425106 Day 66422108 Day 722185 -Most efficient if we set the batch size to 200 when only using truck delivery – –

How is the alphabet stored Essay

Abstract Alphabetic retrieval is a prototypical task that is studied to gain insight into how humans learn and process long lists. We shall study two conï ¬â€šicting models of this process: serial search and direct association. To distinguish between these models, we shall derive predictions about priming eï ¬â‚¬ects that occur when items are paired. In a new experiment, we measure these priming eï ¬â‚¬ects. Although the small data set does not allow strong conclusions, it shows that a pure associational model alone is too simplistic. How is the alphabet stored? How do people retrieve letters from the alphabet? Diï ¬â‚¬erent accounts of how humans store and access the alphabet, or other long lists with little explicit structure, have been proposed. A good model must be able to explain human performance, and especially reaction times (RTs), in experimental tasks. Tasks that have been studied in experiments include: reciting the alphabet from a speciï ¬ c letter, saying the next letter, judging whether two letters are in the correct alphabetic order, etc. All these experiments have found an increase in reaction times towards the end of the alphabet, as well as a distinctive pattern of peaks and valleys across the alphabet. In this paper we shall focus on this alphabetic retrieval task: A letter (the probe) is presented visually, and the subject has to say either the following or preceding letter in the alphabet. In the forward condition, the subject has to say the next letter in the alphabet. In the backward cond ition, the subject has to say the preceding letter. A pattern relating to this task is shown in Figure 1. Note how the location of peaks and valleys is consistent between the forward and backward tasks. Models of alphabetic retrieval: serial search vs. direct  association Klahr, Chase, and Lovelace (1983) propose a serial search-model of alphabetic retrieval. To ï ¬ nd the letter following or preceding a probed letter, the subject has to ‘recite’ the alphabet from a speciï ¬ c ‘entry point’ until the probe letter is found (or one further to ï ¬ nd the answer, in the forward search task). The reaction time depends on the time needed to ï ¬ nd the entry point and the number of steps from the entry point to the probe letter. According to the direct association model of Scharroo, Leeuwenberg, Stalmeier, and Vos (1994a), no serial search is necessary. Letters have direct associations with their successors, and the strength of this association determines the reaction time. Figure 1: Reaction times (Scharroo et al. 1994a) Forward vs. backward search The model of Klahr et al. (1983) applies to both forward and backward searching. Scharroo et al. (1994a) leave open the possibility of serial search in the backward condition, while rejecting serial search in the forward condition, because the alphabet is learnt in the forward direction only, and direct associations with predecessors might not be available. However they also state that their experiment does not support the serial search model even for the backward condition, and that the Klahr et al. model has little value in explaining their results. So their position on serial search in the backward condition is not entirely clear. A reply to Scharroo et al.’s work (Klahr 1994) proposes that a new model should be developed, which should combine both the serial search and the direct association model. If a suï ¬Æ'ciently strong association between letters is available, this association is used; otherwise a serial search is performed. The article does not specify when such a direct association will be available, but the distinction between the forward and backward tasks seems a plausible candidate. However, in Scharroo’s rejoinder (Scharroo 1994b), she states she sees little  use in such an arbitrary combination of models. A pure associational model is suï ¬Æ'cient to explain the data, and a serial search component has little to add. The position in this article seems more radical than in the 1994a article because even in the backward search task it does not allow for a serial search process. Unfortunately, no account is given of how people learn backward associations between letters. Experiments have consistently shown higher reaction times in the backward task than in the forward task, which implies that a backward association is weaker than a forward association. Chunks According to Klahr and others who think humans use a list-structure to store the alphabet, the alphabet cannot be learnt directly, because it exceeds the capacity of working memory. The diï ¬â‚¬erent subgroups in which the alphabet is divided during learning, and also during subsequent storage, are called chunks. When a chunk boundary must be crossed to ï ¬ nd the answer to a test item, this results in signiï ¬ cantly longer reaction times. To Klahr et al., chunks are also the preferred entry points for initiating a serial search: a search will always start from the ï ¬ rst letter of a chunk. To Scharroo et al., a chunk is â€Å"just a series of letters with strong associations, enclosed between weak associations† (Scharroo et al. 1994a, p. 239). Individual diï ¬â‚¬erences In Klahr’s experiments with American subjects, he ï ¬ nds a strong interpersonal agreement on chunk boundaries. This segmentation coincides with the phrasing of the nursery song through which the alphabet is taught in American schools. Scharroo et al. however, in their experiment with Dutch subjects, ï ¬ nd larger diï ¬â‚¬erences between subjects. They argue that this probably reï ¬â€šects the absence of a common method to teach the alphabet in the Netherlands. In both experiments interpersonal agreement on chunk boundaries decreases towards the end of the alphabet and chunk sizes towards the end of the alphabet are smaller. Increasing RTs across the alphabet Overall reaction times increase towards the end of the alphabet, and so do the RTs at the local minima that, in the serial search model, represent the beginning of chunks. According to Klahr et al., this increase in local minima occurs because access to entry points is slower for chunks later in the alphabet. In their account, this is explained by a serial search through all chunks to ï ¬ nd the chunk containing the probe letter, which precedes the search within the chunk. Scharroo et al.’s model (1994a) does not model increasing RTs at all, although in the 1994b article a parameter is added for this. They state that the overall RT increase is due to a primacy eï ¬â‚¬ect: the beginning of the alphabet has been repeated more often, therefore the associations between the letters are stronger at the beginning. They do not ï ¬ nd an increase in local minima in the results of individual test subjects, rather they claim that the increase in the aggregate data is a result of averaging. Because the chunks are smaller towards the end of the alphabet and because variability between persons is greater, averaging results in increasing local minima. Although we will have to take into account this increase in RTs across the alphabet, my experiment is not designed to decide between diï ¬â‚¬erent explanations for this increase. We will focus on (possible) serial search within chunks only. Predictions for priming Given the diï ¬â‚¬erence between American and Dutch subjects, it is hard to decide which model ï ¬ ts the experimental data better. Therefore, we will derive new predictions about how priming can inï ¬â€šuence RTs. The results might help decide which model is correct. The task is the same as described earlier: the subject is presented a letter and has to say either the next or the preceding letter in the alphabet. However, items will be  paired to form prime-target combinations. For convenience, we will always refer to the ï ¬ rst item of such a combination as the prime, regardless of whether we think this item causes priming or not. An example would be the combination D−, F −. The prime item is D− (the − indicating that the task is to say the letter before the D) followed by a target item F −. The RT on this target item is compared to the RT on the same target item when preceded by an item O−. If the RT on the target item is signiï ¬ cantly faster for the ï ¬ rst combination than for the second, we can say that the D− item somehow primes the F − item. We will distinguish three models, based on the described literature. For each model we will describe what predictions for priming can be derived from it. The examples assumes that the letters A to F are all in the same chunk. SS (strong serial search) Always serial search, both in the forward and backward condition. This corresponds with the Klahr. et al (1983) model.  A prime item C+ or D− will always cause someone to ‘recite’ from the beginning of the chunk until the prime is reached (it doesn’t matter whether the next or the preceding letter is asked): â€Å"A, B, C, D†, assuming the chunk starts at A. This will activate all the letters from A to D. For a subsequent target F −, the subject will need to search the series A to F . However, this search should be faster because many of the letters have been activated. The right entry point (rather trivial in this case: A) should also be found faster because it is still active. We could even argue that the search doesn’t have to start at A, but can start where the preceding search left of, at D. Whatever the precise mechanism, we expect a priming eï ¬â‚¬ect, both when the prime item is + and when it is −. If there is a chunk boundary between prime and target, no priming can occur. But averaged over all letters of the alphabet, we still expect a priming eï ¬â‚¬ect. DA (direct association) Always direct association, both in the forward and in the backward condition. This corresponds with the Scharroo et al. model. Although they claim to ï ¬ nd  a serial search in the backward condition plausible (1994a), this is not incorporated in the formal model (Scharroo et al. 1994a). Scharroo later takes the position that a combination of models adds no explanatory leverage (Scharroo 1994b). When we refer to DA, we mean a pure associational model. To ï ¬ nd the letter preceding or following the prime, only the association between these two letters needs to be activated. This will not eï ¬â‚¬ect the subsequent target item, unless the target item or its answer is identical to one of these activated letters. Therefore, there is no priming except identity priming (i.e. a prime and target are identical, or ask for identical answers). FABS (forward association, backward search) A simple combination of both models. To ï ¬ nd the next letter, direct association is used. To ï ¬ nd a preceding letter, a forward serial search is initiated. The entry point for this serial search is the beginning of a chunk. If the prime item demands a serial search (in the backward condition) the subsequent forward associations will be primed. This priming will aï ¬â‚¬ect the RT of the target 4 prime − prime + priming D− F− C+ F− no priming P− F− P+ F− Table 1: Conditions: example  item if it is in the backward condition, by the same reasoning as for SS. It will not aï ¬â‚¬ect the RT of the target item if it is in the forward condition (at least not if the prime preceded the target in the alphabetic order), since the forward task does not involve a serial search. If the prime item is in the forward condition, only the direct association between the prime and its following letter is activated. If the target is in the forward condition too, our expectations are the same as for direct association. If the target is backward, the activated association would slightly speed up the serial search, if this association is part of the series being searched (which is the case if the prime preceeds the target in the alphabet). Experiment Item design Because Klahr himself has proposed a hybrid model, our design does not test all possible circumstances in which priming can occur according to SS. Rather, it tries to distinguish between pure association and any form of search (SS or FABS). Therefore, the target is always asked backward. The prime can be both forward and backward. This leads to a matrix of four conditions. Table 1 gives an example of each condition, with all examples using the same target. The conditions always use the same distance between prime and target, as explained below: no priming, prime − (np−) : the ‘prime’ is the 10th letter after the target (if the target is between B and P ), or the 15th letter before the target (if the target is between P and Z). Because this distance is larger than any proposed chunk size, there can be no priming eï ¬â‚¬ect. no priming, prime + (np+) : the same as np−, but this time the prime is +. priming, prime − (p−) : the prime is the 2nd letter before the target. This  is the minimum distance needed to ensure that the answer to the target does not overlap with the prime (either the prime letter itself or its answer). priming, prime + (p+) : the prime is the 3rd letter before the target. Again, this distance is necessary to prevent overlap between prime and target. Note that for the same target in conditions p− and p+, the prime involves the same pair of letters (but which letter is the question and which is the answer diï ¬â‚¬ers). Using these distances, we generated prime-target pairs for every target from B− to Z− for the no-priming conditions and from D− to Z− for the priming conditions. To these items, ï ¬ llers were added to achieve the following checks and balances: 1. the + and − operator occur equally often for each letter (except A and Z), 2. sequences of the same operator (at most three in a row) occur equally often for each operator, 3. in the p+ and p− conditions, the prime is never primed itself. We organised our items with ï ¬ llers in sequences of 3 or 4 letters. The sequences could be reordered without violating the third condition. Every subject received a diï ¬â‚¬erent, random ordering of sequences. Predictions for our 4 conditions It should be obvious that we cannot assume that a +− and a −− combination will have the same RTs on the second item. Therefore, a direct comparison between np− and np+, and between p− and p+ is problematic. There are three diï ¬â‚¬erent possibilies: 1. If there is no priming, the previous operator does not inï ¬â€šuence performance on the next operator. (If there is priming, the previous operator might inï ¬â€šuence performance, in so far as diï ¬â‚¬erent operators cause diï ¬â‚¬erent search processes.) 2. If there is no priming, performance on the target will be slower if the subject has to switch to a diï ¬â‚¬erent task (i.e. a diï ¬â‚¬erent operator). Therefore, np− is faster than np+. 3. If there is no priming, slow performance on the prime will spill over as slow performance on the target. Since − is slower than +, performance on the target will be slower for np− than for np+. We can compare np− and np+ to get an idea of the size and direction of the  previous operator inï ¬â€šuence. We can then use this to correct the RTs for p− and p+. Assuming that there is no previous operator inï ¬â€šuence, the diï ¬â‚¬erent models would make the following predictions on the rank order of the conditions, where > means ‘higher target RT / slower’ and < means ‘lower target RT / faster’: DA: FABS: SS: np− = np+ = p− = p+ p− < p+ < (np− = np+) (p− = p+) < (np− = np+) Assuming nothing about the previous operator inï ¬â€šuence, not even that its direction is consistent across priming and non priming conditions, we can only predict a partial rank ordering: DA: FABS: SS: np− = p−, np+ = p+ p− < np−, p+ < np+ p− < np−, p+ < np+ The diï ¬â‚¬erences between SS and FABS in these predictions are very minor, as we have not added items with a forward target. Method The subjects were 15 psychology undergraduates, participating for course credit. They youngest was 18 and the oldest was 24. There were 8 females and 7 males. 12 subjects spoke Dutch as a child both at home and at primary school. One subject spoke Frisian at home and Dutch at primary school. One  subject spoke German both at home and at primary school. The items were presented on a computer screen. After the subject pressed the space bar to start each trial, a + or − sign was shown for 0.5 seconds at the center of the screen, then the operator disappeared and a capital letter was shown at the same location. Subjects were to press the spacebar as soon as they knew the answer. They then were shown a question mark and had to type the answer. By letting subjects press the spacebar before typing the answer, we aimed to prevent a confounding inï ¬â€šuence from the diï ¬â‚¬erent letter positions on the computer keyboard. Subjects were instructed to use only their index ï ¬ ngers, so movements had to be sequential. To discourage subjects from pressing the space bar prematurely, the question mark would disappear after 2 seconds. Subjects received no feedback on the correctness of their response, but they knew the response was being recorded. The experiment took about 4 x 10 minutes. Subjects were oï ¬â‚¬ered a break at three times during the experiment, and were free to determine the duration of the break. Results One subject was excluded from our analyses because he had a remarkably high error rate (18% overall, but 30% on − operator). Because we required for our analyses of priming that both the prime and the target are correct, half of the data for this subject was unusable. For the remaining subjects, the error rate varied from 1.7% to 9.5% overall, with a mean of 6.8%. For the − operator alone, the error rate varied from 2.0% to 17.6%, with a mean of 10.9%. Since these error rates are rather high, we have looked into possible causes of these errors. For 62.8% of errors, the response given was actually a correct response, but for the wrong operator. Subjects never saw the operator and the letter at the same time, and this appears to have caused  many errors. For another 15.5% of errors, no response was given within 2 seconds. Whether this is because the subject wasn’t fast enough to type the answer, or because he forgot the operator and decided not the respond, we don’t know. For 12.5% of errors, the response was two letters away from the presented letter, instead of just one. For the remaining errors, either the presented letter was repeated as the response, or a response was given that had so little to do with the question that we assume it was a typing mistake. Items with reaction times of less than 0.3 seconds or more than 10 seconds have been ï ¬ ltered out.  We have analysed reaction times per item for all items (including ï ¬ llers), without looking at priming yet. Figure 2 shows the reaction time (averaged over all subjects) for each letter. The solid line represents the forward task, while the dashed line represents the backward task. Letter position 1 represents A+ and B−, while position 25 represents Y + and Z−. This alignment best shows the correspondence of peak and valleys between the two tasks. Figure 3 shows 2 graphs of individual subjects. These ï ¬ gures illustrate the large 7 Figure 2: Reaction times per letter Figure 3: Reaction times per letter, individual subjects np+ 1749 ms p− 1772 ms np− 1832 ms p+ 1833 ms Table 2: Average RT per condition  individual diï ¬â‚¬erences between subjects. Our averaged ï ¬ gure looks less smooth than the Scharroo et al. (1994a) graph that we reproduced in ï ¬ gure 1, but Scharroo et al. used more subjects (40). We think our averaged ï ¬ gure is consistest with the eï ¬â‚¬ects described in literature, especially with respect to the pattern of peaks and valleys and the congruence between the forward and backward tasks. The individual diï ¬â‚¬erences we ï ¬ nd are not out of line with Scharroo et al. (1994a), who used Dutch subjects as we did. We cannot compare with Klahr et al. (1983) because they did not show individual results. To analyse the eï ¬â‚¬ect of priming, we looked at the reaction time of the target letter as a function of the condition. The (intersubject) average per condition is shown in Table 2. Note that p− < np−, but also that p+ > np+, which does not match any of the (partial) rank orderings predicted earlier. The direction of the previous operator eï ¬â‚¬ect, with p− < np−, but p+ > np+, is not consistent. The diï ¬â‚¬erences are not signiï ¬ cant, however. If the diï ¬â‚¬erences were signiï ¬ cant, they would indicate an interaction between previous operator and priming, that causes priming to be slower than non-priming for the + operator. We used the statistical package R to create a linear mixed eï ¬â‚¬ect model of the data. The variable to be explained was the logarithm of the reaction time. The dependent variables were: †¢ The sequence number of the item in the experiment. This lets us model the learning that occurs during the experiment. †¢ The position of the letter in the alphabet, encoded as a factor. †¢ Priming: true in the p+ and p− conditions. †¢ The operator of the previous letter. †¢ All two-way interactions between priming, previous operator, and sequence number. †¢ The subject. For every subject, a distinct error stratum was used. We then stepped through the possible simpliï ¬ cations of this model to ï ¬ nd the  model with the lowest AIC value. This model contains the dependent variables sequence number, letter position, previous operator, and an interaction between previous operator and sequence number. As expected, there was a negative correlation between sequence number and reaction time, indicating a learning eï ¬â‚¬ect during the experiment. The interaction between previous operator and sequence number means that there is more learning when the previous operator is − than when it is +. An ANOVA-analysis of this model showed that sequence number, letter position, and the interaction between previous operator and sequence were all highly signiï ¬ cant at the p < 0.001 level. The previous operator alone was not signiï ¬ cant, however (p = 0.3254). Our computer model does not include priming: priming does not help explain the reaction times better. Discussion We have not been able to ï ¬ nd a signiï ¬ cant eï ¬â‚¬ect of priming. However, the conclusion that there is no priming is not warranted. The eï ¬â‚¬ect of the previous operator is not signiï ¬ cant either, even though it is included in the model with the best AIC-value, and an interaction with this eï ¬â‚¬ect is signiï ¬ cant. Because of the pattern of peaks and valleys across the alphabet, it was necessary to treat the letter position as a factor, instead of as a continuous variable. This means that the data is modelled per letter, per condition, per subject, which requires a very large data set. We think that further research with a larger subject pool is useful. Such further research should also review the item design, to prevent correlations between priming and other possible factors as much as possible. Our experiment has shown that using a computer keyboard as input device gives results comparable to using a voice key. This means experiments can be  conducted with standard computer hardware. We think it is prudent for future research using this alphabetic retrieval task, even if priming is not its object, to control for possible priming and for the previous operator. References [1] David Klahr, William G. Chase, and Eugene A. Lovelace (1983) Structure and Process in Alphabetic Retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 9 (3), 462-477. [2] Jackie Scharroo, Emanuel Leeuwenberg, Peep F. M. Stalmeier, and Piet G. Vos (1994) Alphabetic Search: Comment on Klahr, Chase, and Lovelace (1983). Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20 (1), 236-244. [3] David Klahr (1994) Plausible Models of Alphabetic Search: Reply to Scharroo, Leeuwenberg, Stalmeier, and Vos (1994). Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20 (1), 245-249. [4] Jackie Scharroo (1994) Modeling Alphabetic Retrieval: Rejoinder to Klahr (1994). Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20 (2), 492-495.

FERPA Essays

FERPA Essays FERPA Essay FERPA Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: : FERPA This law protects students’ privacy of education records. After a student is eighteen years and above, he or she can decide who will view his or her records. Not even the parents are allowed to access these records. They can only do that with their child’s consent. This responsibility is left to the family discuss with their child about this issue. Parents can only view their child’s academic record, if he or she signs a waiver. They have to request for access that the institution will not give them if they do not ask for it. However, there are special circumstances that would result in disclosing student private information. For example, if the student’s health is a risk to themselves or the rest of the public (Ramirez, 38). Ramirez has written the law of FERPA, as it should be. He clearly states the rights of college students and their limitations. This law is very beneficial to college students because it helps them be responsible. College students are adults and they should learn to be accountable, responsible and transparent. They understand that they should have good records whether they are being monitored or not. A parent has a right to know how his or her child is doing since they are paying the college fees. A parent can monitor his or her student’s behavior using this law. If the student is an alcoholic or drug dealer, the institution has the permission to inform parents. There will be no chance for students’ indiscipline because they think their parents will not know (Rooker, LeRoy Tina, 51). Rooker et al assists readers to understand the FERPA law by explaining what the students and parents are entitled to. They have shown the difference between rights of a college student to those of other levels like high school. High school discipline is not applicable in college. There is a very big gap between high school students and college students. High school students are adolescents or teenagers. They are not old enough to be decisive on important matters. Therefore, they should be disciplined in a manner that suits them. The law recognizes them as children under the care of their parents. This is why FERPA does not consider them eligible. Their parents should be involved in monitoring their academic work and social behavior. High school students experience many changes that require a lot of support and correcting. On the other hand, college students are eighteen years and above. The constitution recognizes them capable of being disciplined (Hicks, 44). Hicks work is a brief analysis of FREPA law. He talks about the privacy and education rights for students. College students are protected from the harshness of exposing education records. If colleges were allowed to put up grades on the notice board, it would hurt some students. They would be depressed or stressed because everyone can see how poorly they have performed. This is a negative feeling in a student. Some will never perform better because they are always anxious from the criticisms. Students will be at peace when they know unauthorized people are not viewing their personal information. This law forbids institution personnel from accessing students’ information. Only personnel with professional intentions can view these records. For example, if a student is failing, the appropriate administration personnel are required to go through this student’s records and raise concern (Ramirez, 67). Ramirez clarity enables a reader to identify the benefits of this law to college students. For example, the law enables the students to be responsible. This law assists in controlling possible alterations of education records. If there were no laws protecting privacy, there would be more attempts to change information of students. It could be possible for a student to ask for special favor from one the administrative personnel. He or she might request changes of grades in his or her favor. Currently, such misconduct is unlikely because only a few people have access to these records. This law partly assists the institution in enforcing its laws. For example, it is against the college rules to be an alcoholic or drug dealer. This law concurs with that of FERPA. If a student is caught in this situation, the parents are informed. Different colleges have various measures for such students (Hicks, 87). Hicks has mentioned the fundamental points of this law. They include parents cannot see their children’s grade unless the student consents. Students and parents are allowed to request for correction if the information or grades were recorded wrongly. It may occur that lecturers made an error in marking or recording a student’s grades. Sometimes some grades may be left out. The student has a right of asking the relevant personnel to confirm the accuracy of the records. If there is a disagreement and the student is not content, he or she is allowed to contend it in court. The problem should be solved at a hearing. This fully protects the students from unfair lecturers, should there be any. The lecturers are obliged to abide to the code of professional ethics (Hicks, 89). If a student challenges their judgment at a hearing, the lecturers are expected to present a convincing reason for their judgment. This law makes parents feel they are denied the right to be informed. Some argue that their sons or daughters will not tell them. This happens mainly for the students who do not perform well. Parents feel it is unfair for them to pay college fees and they do not get the opportunity of knowing how their children have performed. On the other hand, this situation could be viewed on a different perspective. Parents and their children get time to discuss about these issues and come to a consensus. For instance, a student may agree to sign a waiver. It will enable his or her parents to access his or her grades. Sometimes parents and their children do not get time to discuss about life issues. This would be a good opportunity for parents and their children to discuss social issues regarding college. For example, encouraging students to avoid troubles (Ramirez, 111). The law has challenges and benefits to both parents and students. Each party should look for solutions to curb the shortcomings. For instance, a dialogue between parents and students would be of great help. This law seems to give too much liberty to the students. Some students are very reluctant to tell their grades to their parents. This would be quite dangerous especially for those who are poor performers. Being honest will make them get help and improve. Withholding such information will make their situation worse. Since this law requires them to be responsible, they should always abide to that (Rooker, LeRoy Tina, 100). This book has taken time to show the challenges and benefits. Parents will have a hard time monitoring their children’s performance. On the other hand, students have a chance of being responsible and transparent to their parents. Hicks, Dennis J. Ferpa Quick Guide. Washington, DC: AACRAO American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions, 2006. Print. Ramirez, Clifford A. Ferpa Clear and Simple: The College Professional’s Guide to Compliance. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2009. Print. Rooker, LeRoy, and Tina M. Falkner. 2010 Ferpa Guide. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, 2010. Print.

Developement of video games essays

Developement of video games essays In three decades, home-computerised gaming has made huge steps towards complete integration into Western homes. In thirty years the video game console has become a multi-billion pound international industry, with a place in millions of homes worldwide. It all started in the 1970s when this new invention was seen as only an experiment within the compounds of technology, yet we can now see that it has made more money than the movie industry, especially in recent years. 1972 was a remarkably important year for technology in which, both the microprocessor (the heart of home computers) and the compact disc (the current mainstream source of audio) completed development. In addition the first home games console was released in America, the Magnavox Odyssey. Ralph Baer, its creator, dedicated several years of his life in his basement building what looked like an ugly, brown box. Little did he know that his home-made experimentation of technology would be the foundation for the future of games consoles. The Magnavox Odyssey only consisted of 40 transistors and 40 diodes, because microchips were so expensive at the time. The console had not been designed with sound producing components, however, this was something that could be developed for future Odysseys. This basic video game system was only able to generate very simple on screen effects and the players had to keep score themselves. In 1976 an American electronics company known as Fairchild released their contribution to the developing game console industry, the Fairchild Channel F. The appeal of this system was that additional games could be purchased in the form of Videocart cartridges. This cartridge based method would remain the standard in the video game console industry for one and a half decades. Following in the footsteps of the Channel F a number of different consoles were released. RCA produced the Studio II. It could only produce black...

What Electric Cars Are Doing to Reduce Global Pollution Levels

What Electric Cars Are Doing to Reduce Global Pollution Levels Could electric cars be a solution to global pollution? To What Extent Are Electric Cars a Solution to Global Pollution? Our society has long considered what we can do to improve the society we live in, to make it better for the children that we are leaving behind. One aspect that must be considered is the level of pollution that occurs throughout the country and the world and the ways in which that pollution level can be reduced. The most popular method that is presented for the reduction of pollution is increasing the number of electric cars on the road and thereby reducing a number of toxins released from traditional cars. A Minor Difference Many say that global pollution is a sum of many different factors and decreasing the number of vehicles that are currently emitting greenhouse gasses will only make a minor impact on global pollution as it exists today. This may, in fact, be true, as it would be nearly impossible to make all vehicles completely electric and, even if it were possible, each would only have a slight impact as long as other methods of pollution were still in effect. Even still, this slight impact will be the start to  changes and this could, in the end, cause a drastic change in the amount of pollution released into the environment. No Production of Gasoline Electric cars run off of electricity and therefore do not require the production of gasoline. Because gasoline is not being mined, this reduces the number of gasses and other pollution that is released not only into the air but into the soil as well. This can reduce the amount of toxins that are getting into the plants, animals and even ourselves within the environment, especially important to the reduction of the effects of pollution.  With a massive production of gasoline comes other less intentional aspects such as leaks and therefore additional pollution into the ground which can definitely leach into the water and even our crops. When gasoline is produced its actually a very messy process and it can result in a lot of problems for the surrounding area. There have been a number of oil leaks throughout the world that have resulted in poisoned water and animals for a long time after the leak is found and cleaned up. Thats because the damage can never fully be undone from that leak and that same material is what is getting into the air we breathe and the soil we grow our crops in and the water that we drink all the time. What actually causes it is the production and transportation of gasoline. Read also: ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND GREEN CITIZENSHIP No Greenhouse Gases Leaked From Cars Likewise, with electric cars, they do not create greenhouse gasses to be let off into the atmosphere. As a result of this, there is less pollution being put into the air and far less that is actually being trapped within the air. Because gas is not released, there is less to cause illness or harm to the population of humans, plants, and animals without our world. This ensures that the world is going to be a much cleaner place for the future and our future generations. When traditional cars use gasoline that has to be burned off and goes into the air as a type of smog. Youve likely seen it coming out of the tailpipes of cars but youve especially seen it come out of large tractor trailers. This smog is extremely bad for anyone to breathe in and it becomes even worse when it gets into the atmosphere and stays there. Thats because it can then trap in more dangerous chemicals and smog so the air becomes permanently damaged, instead of just for that short time. Even reducing the number of full gasoline vehicles on the road by 1,000 vehicles would make an immense amount of difference. 100 vehicles could be a big difference even and thats only two people per state for just the United States, not counting other areas that are considering the importance of electric cars to a higher extent than the United States. With even a small amount starting the trend and bringing in more and more people it would be possible to make an immense difference in the amount of pollution in our world, something that is extremely important to remember.

KIDS (1995) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

KIDS (1995) - Essay Example Most of these factors tend to be influenced by the environment within which these teenagers live, the latter being further influenced by people with whom the teenager lives, the people they associate with, the economic status of their families, and finally, the values of the society within which these teenagers live. The most common character throughout the movie is Telly, who is a sixteen year old addicted to sex and he says in a soliloquy that without it, he sees no other reason to live (Goldberg 55). The fact that he is HIV positive is revealed when one of his sexual partners, Jennie, finds out that she has been infected. Telly chooses to only have sex with girls who are virgins and he, perhaps unknowingly, ends up infecting a lot of girls through his encounters with them. Throughout the movie, the viewer comes to the realization that among the main factors which influence the behavior of the characters involved is people with whom they live. ... n is perhaps the reason why he indulges in so much sexual activity, most likely in an attempt to find some meaning to his life after the rejection that he feels from his mother. It is in this instance that the conflict theory can be applied because of the fact that since Telly’s mother does not give him the attention he deserves, and for this reason, Telly indulges in the activities which in one way or the other lead to conflict in the lives of the people that he influences. It is a fact that teenagers are highly observant people, and it is a normal thing for them to imitate the behavior of their older family members or their friends. If a parent, for example, is a drug user, then it is likely that their teenage children will also become drug users and this is because these teenagers will grow up with the belief that taking drugs is not wrong. A home is the biggest influence that a teenager can have, and what goes on in that home is displayed by the character of this teenager. If the parents are negligent of their child, as Telly’s mother is of him, then it is likely that they will not notice the changes that are occurring in the teenager (Steele 46). It can be assumed that when Telly and his friends who get involved in delinquent activities, they do so to compensate for the lack of attention from their parents as well as the society. All through the movie, one of the factors which increases the risk of teenage sexual encounters as well as the use of drugs is people with whom they associate. Peer pressure is one of the premier causes of the delinquent activities among the characters of the movie as seen when Casper and his friends attack and beat up a man perhaps to death. It is seen that they indulge in such activities so that they can gain the approval of their

Adult Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Adult Nursing - Essay Example This paper approves that the philosophy of the model states that the nursing care should be delivered using the nursing process. The patient under consideration in the area of focus for the purpose of ease in communication can be entitled as XYZ. The patient had 3 problems as related to physical and mental health. At the time of admission of the patient in the nurse one problem of a patient was identified. The nursing interventions were held in the area of identification and prescriptions on all care plans. It is crucial to understand here that though the care plan had a section for evaluation, it was not completed on the care plans studied. This essay makes a conclusion that the differences is between the practiced set of principles and the ones desirable for a quality service holds in the depth of its existence a suggestion that the nursing model used in the ward made no differences to the nursing care delivered. This is essentially so because attention to application of theory to the practical world was not made. From the procedure as followed in the hospital for the patient XYZ, we noticed that a written record of the patient ‘s problem was not made. Also, the current needs of the patient remained un-addressed. It was also noted that the medical reason for admission of the patient XYZ was recorded as the patient’s problem but the diagnosis reason for the same was not addressed. Thus, we conclude that the UK nurse is required to have in the boundaries of their knowledge a need to understand the concept of nursing diagnosis. This shall also enable the nurses to involve themselves actively and effectively in the validation of nursing diagnosis.

Entrepreneur Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Entrepreneur - Assignment Example The quality and value of the products solely determine the ability of the companies to have resources for the next business run (Weerawardena & Mort, 2006). The companies have to operate in order to produce relevant products that can help the target audience in terms of fulfilling their needs and wants. Additionally, entrepreneurship cannot work effectively without remaining committed to the needs of the customers. The culture is the force that storms over every concern of the society. The collective cultures value needs of the many over those of the few so the companies have to entrepreneur in such a way that they can assist the general public regarding betterment of living standards, and the individualistic societies are using completely different approach than the abovementioned one (Spear, 2006). There is always room present for bringing innovations and inventions in the market because workforce over there is creative, and they have adequate level of technology at their disposal that they can apply as a means of accomplishing their ambitions (Akhter, 2007). Furthermore, the strategic management values the creativity of employees, and therefore, the entrepreneurial characteristics remain prominent in the organizational setup of the developed nations. The developing nations bring betterment at operational level, and often they import products from developed ones, and develop the model of franchising in order to earn their due share with each deal so the true entrepreneurship that involves innovation and invention is resident of developed nations of America and Europe (Ali, 2010). The literacy rates in developing parts of the world is not remarkable in nature, and because of this reason, professionals are not proficient with reference to their creative powers. The innovation is the defining attribute of entrepreneurships, but the human resources are the

Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advertisement - Essay Example In this advertisement, the target audience is both sexes. According to the photographs in the ad, we can clearly see that both these people are young, so the advertisement is meant for the young generation. Both of them are also very good-looking, even though they are wearing plain clothing, which helps to focus more on their beauty. They are both making physical, sensual contact with each other, which shows the supposed effect of the fragrance. Also, we can see that the involvement of both sexes shows us that the product at hand should be used by both the male and the female population. On the other hand, it’s clearly evident that the advertisement, which involves introducing a new product into the market, is meant to call attention to the product so that the target audience can be attracted to it, like it and at the end of the day purchase the product. The person viewing the advertisement is made aware that the fragrance is new because only new items usually end up in magazines, since those are the ones that the companies feel an audience would like. The advertisement also clearly states that the product is new, prompting the audience to want to give this new fragrance a try. Through this presentation, the audience is enticed to try the effect of the fragrance for themselves. Similarly, there is a message in this advertisement that is somehow overt and has been used to attract the probable buyers of the fragrance. In this case, the fragrance is meant to make the buyer feel good and also make the person be more desirable to others. According to the press release, â€Å"CK One is about connecting with the group, CK Be is about connecting with yourself, and CK IN2U is all about connecting with another person† (Osmoz). In a more hidden meaning which acts as a reinforcement to the previous message, the user of the perfume will be more

Sociology of Childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sociology of Childhood - Essay Example Browne (2011) defines the term â€Å"life chances† as an individual’s chances of getting access to all those things which are considered as desirable by the society and not being affected by all those things which are considered undesirable by the society. Similarly, in the opinion of Ferrante (2012), social class can be identified as the phenomenon in which an individual’s belonging to a section of society can influence their life chances. Thus, one has to infer that the term â€Å"life chances† indicates having access to at least good education, healthcare facilities, food, clothing and housing. An important point of Marx’s theory of social class is that the bourgeoisies, or the people who own the means of production, enjoy better social standing as they are powerful enough to impose their ideas on the proletariat (the working class). As the bourgeoisie class does not share the wealth justifiably, the difference in wealth between the working class and the bourgeoisie increases. Hence, the working class is deprived of the goods and services enjoyed by the bourgeoisie (Browne 2011). Similarly, Weber categorises the society into two groups; the negatively privileged property class and the positively privileged property class. The positively privileged class is blessed with marketable abilities, and hence is able to enjoy expensive consumer goods and better services. On the other hand, the other class has no marketable abilities, and hence, is deprived of good goods and services (Ferrante 2012). It is pointed out by a UK Government report that measuring child poverty is a difficult task because their life chances are influenced by a number of factors other than just income of the family. Some such dimensions to be included are material deprivation, worklessness, unmanageable debt, poor housing, parental skill level, access to quality education, family stability, and parental health (Secretary of State for Work and Pensions 2012) The Child

The Case for the Metropolitan Insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Case for the Metropolitan Insurance - Essay Example But what good is the image when it is not properly stored Documentum serves as the file cabinet where the documents and images are arranged and stored. The introduction of the document imaging system and the establishing of the database Documentum has provided opportunities in to cut down costs in aspects of the business' operations. They are enumerated and discusses as follows: documents coming in everyday. One can just imagine the volume of storage space occupied by the microfiche images and equipment. File Cabinets, indexing materials and rooms must be provided for the storage of the images. Since microfiche images are not considered as "legal archives", there is really a need to provide storage and indexing mechanism for the paper documents. File folders, envelopes, cabinets, rooms and indexing materials represent a rather large cost to the business. Added to this is the labor cost associated with the people employed to attend and safeguard the documents and images. The Imaging system eliminated the need for microfiche images and paper document storage. Because of this, there is no more need to purchase filing and indexing materials. Provision for storage space such as rooms is no longer necessary. Furthermore, the pre-existing materials and rooms can be sold or used in other business works. ... Added to this is the labor cost associated with the people employed to attend and safeguard the documents and images. The Imaging system eliminated the need for microfiche images and paper document storage. Because of this, there is no more need to purchase filing and indexing materials. Provision for storage space such as rooms is no longer necessary. Furthermore, the pre-existing materials and rooms can be sold or used in other business works. The Metropolitan can also cut down labor costs as the system does not require many filing personnel. b. Maintenance Costs Paper documents and microfiche images can be corroded by environmental elements thereby reducing it to a useless material. This problem becomes more important since the insurance business operates in a very wide time frame. This temporal criterion makes it imperative that the documents are properly maintained. Furthermore, insects or animals may reside in the file cabinets and consume/ruin records. There is a need to purchase chemicals to prevent corrosion and animal destruction. Maintenance personnel must also be properly trained for them to be able to protect the documents. All of these represent a large capital cost for Metropolitan. Since the document's images are stored in the computerized database and since this is considered "legal archives", the paper documents need not be thoroughly taken cared of. Environmental and animal concerns are also eliminated. These improvements lessen the need for chemicals and maintenance personnel. 3B. Explain how the System shortens cycle time. The system also shortened cycle time because it eliminated the need for manual imaging of the pertinent documents. It can even image

Sociology of Childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sociology of Childhood - Essay Example Browne (2011) defines the term â€Å"life chances† as an individual’s chances of getting access to all those things which are considered as desirable by the society and not being affected by all those things which are considered undesirable by the society. Similarly, in the opinion of Ferrante (2012), social class can be identified as the phenomenon in which an individual’s belonging to a section of society can influence their life chances. Thus, one has to infer that the term â€Å"life chances† indicates having access to at least good education, healthcare facilities, food, clothing and housing. An important point of Marx’s theory of social class is that the bourgeoisies, or the people who own the means of production, enjoy better social standing as they are powerful enough to impose their ideas on the proletariat (the working class). As the bourgeoisie class does not share the wealth justifiably, the difference in wealth between the working class and the bourgeoisie increases. Hence, the working class is deprived of the goods and services enjoyed by the bourgeoisie (Browne 2011). Similarly, Weber categorises the society into two groups; the negatively privileged property class and the positively privileged property class. The positively privileged class is blessed with marketable abilities, and hence is able to enjoy expensive consumer goods and better services. On the other hand, the other class has no marketable abilities, and hence, is deprived of good goods and services (Ferrante 2012). It is pointed out by a UK Government report that measuring child poverty is a difficult task because their life chances are influenced by a number of factors other than just income of the family. Some such dimensions to be included are material deprivation, worklessness, unmanageable debt, poor housing, parental skill level, access to quality education, family stability, and parental health (Secretary of State for Work and Pensions 2012) The Child

International Marketing Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

International Marketing Master - Case Study Example The recent terrorist attacks in the last 3 decades have brought turmoil in the current travel and tourism industry bringing a severe collapse in the travel and tourism sector worldwide. The first of these atrocities took place in 1982 during the Iraq affair and the oil crisis. The international tourism industry greatly suffered during those years of severe political unrest. The next unfortunate event was the outbreak of Foot and Mouth disease in north Europe in the year 2001. Umpteen numbers of bookings for the trips to Europe were dismissed. Another heinous act that took place on 11th September 2001 was the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center. The aftermaths of the terrifying incidence revealed the crumble of the international tour and travel for a long time. The year 2002 revealed intensive respiratory syndrome epidemic due to air travel (Mangili & Gendreau, 2005). Air travel is capable of spreading newly budding contagions which could even give rise to pandemics. The travel and tourism industry worldwide experienced a set back again. The next plan of brutal act of the terrorists who were caught carrying liquid explosives on 10th August 2006 in flight from United Kingdom which could have destroyed tolls of innocent lives was terminated. The travel and tourism industry has yet again undergone a tremendous shock. ... It is true that the international travel and tourism industry is presently facing a turbulent environment. However, it is certain from the ever adventurous tourists from around the globe and their impeccable passion for travel that the worldwide international travel and tourism is doubtlessly to overcome this temporary challenge. The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), the business leaders' forum for travel and tourism is presently working with governments to spread consciousness of the economic magnitude of the globe's prevalent creator of prosperity and service (Travel & Tourism Security Action Plan, n.d.). Analyzing the current problems of global business conflicts including the Tourist Behavior: The travel and tourism industry is facing major challenges at the very moment due to the problems of global business conflicts. These may be analyzed as follows: Political Political Unrest Political unrest among different nations still has adverse affects on the international travel and tourism especially on the countries involved. War at the moment would be the last thing that the travel and tourism industry would wish for. Tourists never wish to select a destination which is suffering from any sort of political disturbances. One would have never chosen a destination like when the American soldiers faced the Taliban groups. Lack of Government Contribution Deficiency in the support of the respective governments of every country in aiding to develop and sustain its travel and travel sector offers a great business conflict. Economical Lack of Funds The small and medium enterprises in developing and underdeveloped countries especially in rural areas are incapable of flourishing tourism activities due to

Should Human Cloning Be Allowed?

Should Human Cloning Be Allowed? One of todays most controversial question is, Should Human Cloning be Allow? Unfortunately, our society always seems to finds more inhumane and harsh ways to eradicate itself; it also seeks ways to escape that eradication through immortality. The issue at hand is should human cloning be allowed in a society that seeks immortality in the name of science. I believe cloning is an evolutionary dead end and the use of cloning techniques to make ideal human would ultimately devalue life. Therefore, when people fear death, as most Christians do, the prospect of achieving immortality through the cloning process becomes provocative if not desirable (Sanders, 1974, p. 22). Although science might compels us to seek a higher quality of human life, there are certain activities in the area of genetics and cloning that violate basic moral and ethical principles. While, social effects have increased the knowledge of human genetics and quite possibly have been speculated about and studied more than those of any ongoing social change in history (Greely, 1998, p. 474). While most of society understands the curiosity around knowing how humans work, along with the need to know about DNA, to eliminate many hereditary illnesses and disabilities. There are still those ranging from the United States President to the proletariat have trumpeted the immorality of cloning, and research funding within the areas of animal and/or human cloning has been reduced or blocked in numerous countries and states (Rollin, 1999, p. 52). As most people condemn the idea of this in animals, it is more so appalling for humans. At what point would the experiments stop if we allow them to continue, and who will set the boundaries. People have different characteristics, which set them apart from each other, these traits range from illnesses and disabilities, which are all par t of life regardless of how we feel. I am sorry but scientists could better serve society as advisers, than as decision makers and leave it up to society to determine what is right and wrong. The fact that cloning humans is about creating a genetically indistinguishable copy of a previously existing or existing person is in my opinion wrong on all accounts. Anti-thesis I might add that while there are those for cloning and have established many positive arguments concerning the copying of human DNA, such as developing new medicines for cures. They also believe that one day this research could put an end to some hereditary diseases and disorders, as well as allowing infertile parents to produce children with their own DNA. Finally and most importantly a few scientists have suggested extending the ageing process all together through the cloning process. Even though there are many encouraging factors about cloning human embryos, there is always another side that raises many issues against the process. In a Time/CNN opinion poll of only 500 adult Americans, fewer than 1 in 5 Americans think human cloning should be allowed to continue. Fifty-eight percent of the participants in the poll believed it is morally wrong to clone humans and sixty-three percent say it is against Gods will (Battaglia, 1995, p. 675). Many religions organizations disagree with the tampering of human life; because it goes against their beliefs and argue that it is immoral. For instance, if perfected many people may turn to this method of conceiving unnaturally, in order to create the perfect son or daughter, which some may consider an unnatural birth. Many have argued that an embryo is indeed a human life, and if damaged during the cloning process, there is the possibility killing it. Therefore, making the practice of embryo cloning, an immoral procedure. Twenty years ago gene function was unknown; today we have the genetic dictionary that deciphers the code of life. Even more recent has been the application of this knowledge to our own species (Nagle, 1972, p. 372). While cloning is still considered to be in the early stages of research, and all the pros and cons contradicting each other, the main question is, should we allow human cloning in the name of science and take a chance at destroying the genetic cycle of humanity? The two main types of cloning that have caused ethical controversies around the world are embryo and reproductive cloning. Embryo cloning being the process that duplicates the procedure found in nature to produce twins, while reproductive cloning is a method where they extract the DNA from an ovum and replace it with the DNA extracted from a cell of an adult, therefore producing a copy of an existing person. Based on research done on animals, the results normally end with the subjects being born with severe inherent defects making it a profoundly unethical and immoral procedure for humans. At any stage of human cloning, there is no agreement concerning the ethical issues that arise by the process of destroying human embryos. Given that this procedure is somewhat comparable to traditional conception and because both methods create a pre-embryo, the question that still arises, is the pre-embryo is a human being? Many people have the opinion that an embryo in its early stage does not require any particular moral consideration, yet throughout Hebrew and Christian history, it is taught that what it means to be human as a person and as a people can be fully known only in reference to God (Cole-Turner, 1992, p. 162). However, there are still those that believe the embryonic cells at this stage are not equivalent to human beings because it lacks self-awareness of its environment. This simply implies that the embryo attains human form much later in development, maybe at the point when the brain develops and the embryo becomes aware of itself. Even though genetic research and cloning offers an opportunity to cure disease and allows infertile couples the possibility of having children, there is another side to this whole argument. For instance, imagine if cloning was used for the general improvement of the population, meaning collecting donor eggs and sperms from selected females and males to increas e the probability of a genetically superior species. If this is unacceptable for us, what do we do if some other nation, such as our enemy, begins such a eugenic program (Nagle, 1972, p. 376)? Many people remember the physician who substituted his sperm for the husbands to created children that were the doctors and not that of the husband. In an unscientific and unethical manner, he was using the couples to bear his children and to pay their rearing expenses. As a result, he was using science to manipulate couples to his own distorted sense of importance. Media coverage continues to suggest that the only ethical dispute is over the issue of destroying embryos, when in reality there is an unethical risk to a womens health, leaving the only one conclusion, it is unethical for both the mother and child. Therefore, when it comes to cloning humans, I believe we are playing on dangerous grounds, which are unethical and immoral to the human race as a whole. Still society continues to face the question, should we allow human cloning in the name of science. Unfortunately, many people find this to be a tough question to answer; believing there really is no right answers. Throughout all of the research already done, all we find is a lot of mixed opinions and emotions to consider. While, everybody has their own opinions about cloning, and I can see where it is difficult to determine right and wrong from the issues they have raised, both positive and negative. Synthesis The idea behind human cloning to discover new medicines and possible cures for hereditary diseases and illnesses, or at least create a decrease in the number, is the main cause of mixed emotions. For instance, I believe that everybody has his or her time, and the idea of human cloning to obtain a longer life is absurd. Looking at all of the negatives issues, I see a strong argument on the religious and moral sides. However, I suppose this would not affect everybody, being our society is on the decline when it comes to morals. While cloning for infertile parents may seem like a decent thing to do, it still poses a question concerning children that are in need of a good home. To me adoption would be a good moral decision on the part of the adopting parents. Although, cloning human embryos is still in the early stages of development it still has a long way to go before discovering the whole concept. There is one thing for sure; cloning human embryos will continue, only stopping when the government takes over and demands they put an end to the whole procedure. Despite the strong arguments and looking into the future, the commotion generated by the success of mammal cloning technology, applicable to man, highlights the fact that experimental science can raise, at least for certain people, a genuine ethical problem (Lavelle, 2005, p. 218). This leaves society with the conclusion that cloning will become more and more common as our knowledge of science and embryo development increases. However, the question of whether to allow this type of human experiment will remain unanswered. I believe the part of society that has the strongest morals when it comes to human life will continue to argue that it is still immoral.. After all the fact remains that, certain activities in the area of genetics and cloning violate basic environmental and ethical principles. Therefore, immortality is something we have lived without and come to except through our morals and religious beliefs not some scientific experiment. Although, I personally feel that embryo cloning should have never started in the first place, as pitiless as it may sound, the benefits of having this happen in order to stop further generations from suffering is definitely something many may consider. To think that this experimental behavior will create the perfect human is sad, because we will still have an imperfect world based on our immoral decisions. Even though there is a need for developing healthier cells for cancer treatment, achieving these results through cloning could potentially cause harm to an unborn child. As heartless as it may sound, I would prefer a child that had only mild disabilities, than one severely disabled because of the cloning process, or even worse, knowing that if it died from a cloning malfunction. I also think that ethics and morals play a major role in determining when an embryo becomes a living being. My own view is that even though the embryo is in this early stage and attached to its mother, it is alive. Therefore, we need to respect the embryo for what it is, a human being at its early stages of development and take in to account that one day this living creature will someday say mom or dad, so in consideration of this, would it not be sad to use it for experimental purposes. Therefore, in conclusion the question of whether or not human cloning should continue will remain unanswered. The one thing for sure is that the scientific part of humanity will continue to find more appalling and destructive ways of annihilating itself and the moral part of humanity will find a way to escape that obliteration by seeking to improve the quality life through natural sources.

Tom Clancy :: essays research papers

The Cold War and post Cold War eras have brought with them many interesting aspects. New technologies initially meant for mass destruction filter down into the civilian world, making current lives easier. One example of this is the anti-lock braking systems of today’s cars. Originally designed to slow fighter-planes on landing without skidding, these systems make it safer for parents to take their children on vacation. One less noted advancement the eras brought is a considerable amount of exciting and forewarning fiction. While most authors chose to warn of nuclear and post nuclear holocaust, one significant author chose a different approach. Tom Clancy chose to write of conventional warfare and sometimes unconventional enemies. Between his novel Red Storm Rising and Debt of Honor, Tom Clancy makes evident the changing face of America’s enemies and threats, while staying true to issues that keep people interested in his books. Published in 1986, Red Storm Rising is Tom Clancy’s second novel dealing with the former Soviet Union as a potential enemy. This was a time when America’s finest tank and infantry units went on exercises in Germany fully armed with the expectation that the Russians could attack them at any time. This was also a time when the Soviets did the same exercises with the same amount of live ammunition. Therefore there was reason enough to worry about potential conflicts. Deep within the ocean waters, submarines played similar cat and mouse games with other submarines and surface ships. However some of these submarines were more dangerous then a whole army because they were fully loaded with nuclear missles. These facts were well know to the American public and made Red Storm Rising all the more real when it combined land and ocean warfare in a way that captivated millions of readers. The book begins as the Soviet Union’s ability to provide their own oil is cut off by a terrorist attack. Right away it is noted that two very frightening events have just happened. Terrorism, for one, is a major scare tactic that can and does strike fear into millions. This was demonstrated by two suspected attacks in the U.S. recently (Bombing of Flight 800 and the Olympic Park bombing). Secondly, the threat of losing petroleum resources is enough to drive governments to drastic measures. This fact is evident in the world’s participation in the 1991 Gulf War. The leaders of the Soviet Union decided that the only way to prevent the total collapse of their economy and country was to seize the oil rich Middle East.

Nature of the Mind Essay -- Poetry

William Blake, a poet that strongly believed in the power of mind, once wrote, "if we see with imagination, we see all things in the infinite." The Romantic poets use their imagination when gazing at nature, and therefore see and feel the infinite through their poetry. William Wordsworth expresses the serene beauty that nature possesses and its calming effects on the mind. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, one of the poetic geniuses of the age, uses nature and his imagination to create surreal atmospheres. Another Romantic poet, by the name of Percy Bysshe Shelley, shows great longing for the freedom that nature possesses and the freeing effect it has on him. These poets of the Romantic period look at nature from a higher consciousness called the imagination. William Wordsworth, through many of his poems, expresses the serene beauty contained in nature and its tranquilizing effects on human thoughts. In "Lines Composed a Few Miles from Tintern Abbey", the speaker looks "on nature...to chasten and subdue...the mind" and bring peace to his thoughts. Looking deeply into nature brings the feelings of sublime contentment and new feelings of inspiration that one cannot find in any alternate surrounding. In Wordsworth's "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud," the speaker, when "in vacant or in pensive mood," recalls a memory of a past picturesque outdoor scene that "is the bliss of [his] solitude." His mind's pencil edges a lasting portrait of a scene in nature and the emotions of its beauty in the speaker's mind. The "dancing daffodils" will stay with the speaker even when the original drawing has faded. Another poem, "Composed upon Westminster Bridge," expresses the lulling atmosphere of the early morning and its encompassing calm a... ...s are "profuse strains of unpremeditated art," singing exactly what it feels, without restraint. Percy Shelley imagines these feelings of freedom and artless beauty in nature's creations that without imagination would never be conceived. Through poetry, the Romantics, Wordsworth, Coleridge and Shelley, make many connections between the human mind and its natural surroundings by way of imagination. William Wordsworth emphasizes nature's soothing powers on the mind and its short term and long term effects. Shelley, on the other hand, expresses the boundless life of nature and its ability of uninhibited expression. Samuel Coleridge, the true believer in the mind's versatility, focuses on the flexibility of one's imagination in the presence of nature. Because of these poets and their poetry, the rest of the world is tempted to take a step into the imagination. Nature of the Mind Essay -- Poetry William Blake, a poet that strongly believed in the power of mind, once wrote, "if we see with imagination, we see all things in the infinite." The Romantic poets use their imagination when gazing at nature, and therefore see and feel the infinite through their poetry. William Wordsworth expresses the serene beauty that nature possesses and its calming effects on the mind. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, one of the poetic geniuses of the age, uses nature and his imagination to create surreal atmospheres. Another Romantic poet, by the name of Percy Bysshe Shelley, shows great longing for the freedom that nature possesses and the freeing effect it has on him. These poets of the Romantic period look at nature from a higher consciousness called the imagination. William Wordsworth, through many of his poems, expresses the serene beauty contained in nature and its tranquilizing effects on human thoughts. In "Lines Composed a Few Miles from Tintern Abbey", the speaker looks "on nature...to chasten and subdue...the mind" and bring peace to his thoughts. Looking deeply into nature brings the feelings of sublime contentment and new feelings of inspiration that one cannot find in any alternate surrounding. In Wordsworth's "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud," the speaker, when "in vacant or in pensive mood," recalls a memory of a past picturesque outdoor scene that "is the bliss of [his] solitude." His mind's pencil edges a lasting portrait of a scene in nature and the emotions of its beauty in the speaker's mind. The "dancing daffodils" will stay with the speaker even when the original drawing has faded. Another poem, "Composed upon Westminster Bridge," expresses the lulling atmosphere of the early morning and its encompassing calm a... ...s are "profuse strains of unpremeditated art," singing exactly what it feels, without restraint. Percy Shelley imagines these feelings of freedom and artless beauty in nature's creations that without imagination would never be conceived. Through poetry, the Romantics, Wordsworth, Coleridge and Shelley, make many connections between the human mind and its natural surroundings by way of imagination. William Wordsworth emphasizes nature's soothing powers on the mind and its short term and long term effects. Shelley, on the other hand, expresses the boundless life of nature and its ability of uninhibited expression. Samuel Coleridge, the true believer in the mind's versatility, focuses on the flexibility of one's imagination in the presence of nature. Because of these poets and their poetry, the rest of the world is tempted to take a step into the imagination.